March-March 2023
They were “difficult and complex” talks, with these words Hossein Amir Abdollahian, Iranian Foreign Minister, described his country’s negotiations with Saudi Arabia, in which the two parties reached last Friday in Beijing to sign an agreement allowing for the restoration of relations between them after six years of estrangement and conflict.
It is not surprising that this agreement gives a strong impetus to establish peace and stability, not only in Saudi-Iranian relations, but also in the entire Middle East region, if we know that what made the negotiations “difficult and complicated” during the last two years of negotiating rounds that took place under Iraqi-Omani mediation is the desire Riyadh is clear that it is not limited to the restoration of diplomatic relations with Tehran, and its keenness to link it to a comprehensive agreement for peace in the region, especially in sensitive files in which the latter exercises influential influence, such as Yemen, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and others. Therefore, the Beijing Declaration was not limited to talking about normalization and the return of diplomatic relations between the two sides, but included a reference to the need to adhere to “mutual respect between the two countries, commitment to good neighborliness, respect for national sovereignty, and non-interference in internal affairs or influence on them.”
These comprehensive dimensions of the agreement made Prince Faisal bin Farhan, the Saudi Foreign Minister, say after signing it: “The countries of the region have one destiny and common denominators, which make it necessary for us to share together to build a model of prosperity and stability for our peoples to enjoy.” Yahya al-Safavi, the military advisor to the Supreme Leader in Iran, when he says: “What we will witness in the future in the region will be different from what has happened so far, and it is important that we be rational when looking at the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and it is in the interest of the region, and both the Saudi and Iranian sides are interested in friendship.” rationality in the long term.
So, we are not facing a transformation in the relations of two countries that have been quarreling and conflicting for a long time, but rather we are facing a pivotal moment and a clear-cut transformation in the relations and policies of the countries of the region, and therefore you find that most Arab countries welcomed this agreement, and considered it a turning of a page and the beginning of a different page. In addition, the agreement reflects an undeniable shift in the language of foreign political discourse that will pave the way for the new phase.
As it is said, words alone are not enough, and the volatile and immediate positions will not allow to overcome the heavy legacy left by long decades of mutual dissonance and hostility between Iran and its Arab neighbors. during:
1- Tehran abandoning the use of the religious-sectarian dimension as a starting point for building the constants of its foreign policy, which undoubtedly means abandoning the slogans of exporting the revolution, threatening the neighboring ruling regimes and accusing them of demonization and downfall and the like, and showing full readiness to deal with them according to the logic of the modern state and the conditions it requires in its structure. Constitutional institutions and their foreign relations are based on equality and mutual respect, and accepting the choices of the other that do not harm Iranian interests, regardless of agreement or disagreement with them, and therefore find that repeating the words of respect and mutual commitment in the Beijing Declaration is only an intended indication of what Arab peace with Iran requires. .
2- Refraining from making the Arab countries an arena for settling Tehran’s scores with its international opponents, especially Washington and Tel Aviv. Threatening the Arabs with Iranian punishment in the event that the latter is subjected to US-Israeli aggression is nothing but an unwise Iranian policy, and an unforgivable repetition of past mistakes, as it is not The logic is for Iranian foreign policy to do this, when its neighbors are not part of any act of aggression against it. On the contrary, this rhetoric and fear of Iranian aggression have caused more Arabs to fall into the arms of America and Israel. Accordingly, if Iran wants to start a new page in its relations with the Arab countries, it is required to send messages of reassurance and lack of concern about aggression against them from their eastern neighbor, and there is no objection to investing their good relations with the camp hostile to Iran in order to avoid the occurrence of any hostile action against it or avoid its damages in the event that it occurs.
3- No sovereign state accepts militias, factions, or parties affiliated with another state operating on its territory. In the logic of international relations, this action means a wound to the state’s sovereignty, and the deliberate creation of states within it that threaten its interests and weaken its authority and decision. We have witnessed in the previous stage the involvement Iranian production of such groups, in several countries, which aroused – and still is – the ire of not only the ruling regimes, but also the feelings of most Arab peoples, until some described it as a new form of domination and subjugation in the interest of Tehran, and the latter lost a lot of its attractiveness and acceptance because of it. its neighbours, and it also bore exorbitant and unjustified costs as a result of the human and financial support it provides to its loyalists. Today, if Tehran wants to restore the confidence of its Arab neighbors, it will be required to become an active partner in building its neighboring countries, not a tool for destroying and destroying them, and it seems that it fully understands this. It is mainly directed at those who consider themselves loyal to Iran, more than it is directed at its opponents, and if Iran follows this path, it will have taken important steps to restore confidence and increase its positive influence within the Arab regimes and peoples alike.
4- Achieving stability and peace In the region, Iran needs to play the role of peacemaker to solve intractable problems and resolve sensitive issues. For more than four decades, the region has been living in a spiral of complex and increasing crises, and often the Iranian-Arab conflict was one of the reasons for the continuation of many of them, and spring has come. Al-Arabi to add insult to injury, shuffling the papers and increasing the level of confrontation between the main regional parties. Iran’s playing a positive and active role in resolving these crises will give it a good advantage, and at the appropriate time, and will open the doors for it to more cooperation and regional partnership that can benefit everyone.
On the Arab side, the success of peace with Iran will require:
1- To leave all forms of hostile rhetoric directed at it, whether official or unofficial. It is not reasonable for it to build peace with a country, at a time when it is practicing against its system, history, people and culture various methods of disparagement, ridicule and outright hostility. Those who want real peace must adopt a moderate discourse that sends positive messages that support commitment and mutual respect.
2- Arab non-involvement in any hostile US-Israeli trend that threatens Tehran, and complete abstinence from making their lands a springboard for aggression against it in the future. Peace altogether. 3- It is very useful to work on building a regional system for security and cooperation in the Middle East that includes the Arabs and their non-Arab neighbors. Such a step will contribute to increasing the level of commitment of all parties and its positive results will be reflected on everyone.
In addition to the foregoing, Iran and the Arabs are calling for more economic partnerships based on the investment of available opportunities and mutual interests, and this is something that cannot be overlooked. Economic cooperation in contemporary international relations has become one of the effective means to achieve rapprochement between governments and peoples, and keep them away from conflicts and wars. This will require more understanding by Iran and its neighbors to work on it more widely in the future, and they must follow the example of China in this matter, and the more economic partnerships are of a strategic nature that contributes to achieving integration and preserves the interests of the parties involved in it, the greater their status in the regional and international environment.
Finally, it must be said: Building peace and stability will not be easy for Iran and the Arab countries, but it is not impossible. However, it will require a long work in which the seriousness of all parties and their willingness to do what is required of them will be tested during the coming months and years.
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